WHAT IS 5G : ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW

5G is the fifth generation cellular network technology that provides broadband access in which the service area covered by providers is divided into a mosaic of small geographicalareas called cells.  Analog signals representing sounds and images are digitized in the phone,converted by an analog to digital converter and transmitted as a stream of bits.

All the 5G wireless devices in a cell communicate by radio waves with a local antenna array and low power automated transceiver (transmitter and receiver) in the cell, over frequency channels assigned by the transceiver from a common pool of frequencies, which are reused in geographically separated cells.

 The local antennas are connected with the telephone  network and the Internet by a high bandwidth optical fiber or wireless backhaul connection. Like existing cellphones, when a user crosses from one cell to another, their mobile device is automatically "handed off" seamlessly to the antenna in the new cell.

 MILLIMETER WAVES:  There are plans to use millimeter waves for 5G. Millimeter waves have shorter range than microwaves, therefore the cells are limited to smaller size; The waves also have  trouble passing through building walls. Millimeter wave antennas are smaller than the large antennas used in previous cellular networks.They are only a few inches (several centimeters) long.

          
MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output):Another technique used for increasing the data rate is massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output). It is a method for multiplying the capacity of a radio link using multiple transmission and receiving antennas to exploit multipath propagation.Each cell will have multiple antennas communicating with the wireless device, received by multiple antennas in the device, thus multiple bitstreams of data will be transmitted simultaneously, in parallel. In a technique called beamforming the base station computer will continuously calculate the best route for radio waves to reach each wireless device, and will organize multiple antennas to work together as phased arrays to create beams of millimeter waves to reach the device.The new 5G wireless devices also have 4G LTE capability, as the new networks use 4G for initially establishing the connection with the cell, as well as in locations where 5G access is not available.5G can support up to a million devices per square kilometer, while 4G supports only up to 10000 devices per square kilometer.

PERFORMANCE :

Speed: 5G NR speed in sub-6 GHz bands can be slightly higher than the 4G with a similar    amount of spectrum and antennas, though some 3GPP 5G networks will be slower than some advanced 4G networks, such as T-Mobile's LTE/LAA network, which achieves 500+ Mbit/s in Manhattan. The 5G specification allows LAA (License Assisted Access) as well but LAA in 5G has not yet been demonstrated. Adding LAA to an existing 4G configuration can add hundreds of megabits per second to the speed, but this is an extension of 4G, not a new part of the 5G standard.

Speeds in the less common millimeter wave spectrum can be substantially higher.

Latency:In 5G, the air latency target is 1-4 milliseconds, although the equipment shipping in  2019 has tested air latency of 8-12 milliseconds. The latency to the server must be added to the "air latency." Verizon reports the latency on its 5G early deployment is 30ms.

5G NR :5G NR(new radio) is radio access technology developed by 3GPP(3rd generation
partnership project) for the 5th generation mobile network. It is meant to global interface for the air interface of 5G networks.

5G DEVICES:  The Samsung Galaxy S10 5G, the first commercially available smartphone able to connect to a 5G network.

5G SPECIFICATIONS: